With the advent of modern nanotechnology, we believe that tiny organic devices with excellent functionalities will be assembled in the near future. To do so, each of the components of these systems must be as small and/or thin as possible. In such systems, polymers play a central role as it would be hard to imagine materials other than polymers to construct these components. When polymers, like with other materials, decrease in size, the ratio of the surfaces and the interfaces against the total volume drastically increases. Since the surfaces and interfaces are in different energy states compared with the inside (bulk), structures and physical properties at surfaces and interfaces are supposed to be different from the corresponding bulk ones. Thus, if we are able to precisely understand and control the structure and the physical properties on the surfaces and at the interfaces, the performance of the polymeric materials will be promisingly improved. Under this concept, we have been doing experimental works focusing on polymer science, physical chemistry and surface science.